Voting Choice and Age Research Results

Voting Choice and ripen Research ResultsStatistics Assessment Social Research Skills 1In this assignment you will requirement a) to answer some general headlands astir(predicate) quantitative data analysis and b) to answer some questions using data taken from the 2014 British Social Attitudes Survey. alto discoverher questions must be answered.1. The following questions are about measurement List the different trains a variable may take and describe the properties of the levels.Nominal level is where the variable only measures differences among cases such as gender. This is beca enjoyment nominal level does not need any ordering among its responses.Ordinal level is where the variable merchant ship be ranked but the differences between categories is not available. An example can be fosterageal achievement.Interval level are numerical scales in which intervals take a shit water the same interpretation throughout, such as temperature, but it is unusual to see this enjoymentd in social science.Ratio level is an interval scale with the spare property that its zero position indicates the absence of the quantity being measured, such as income.List the level of measurement that has been used for each of the variables in the dataset (other than the incidental calculate)? Do not use the level of measurement in the data file. They agree all been set to scale.England, Scotland or Wales? NominalSex NominalAge Interval/ratioNumber of children in HH sr. 4-15yrs Interval/ratiopolitical party identification NominalBetter for govt to be formed of genius party, or two in coalition? OrdinalHow many, if any, cars or vans does your household receive or have the regular use of? OrdinalHow many trips did you make by plane during the last 12 months? ordinalHow many employees do you supervise? ordinalHow many hours do you normally work a workweek in your main job including any paid or unpaid over clip? OrdinalAre you now a member of a tidy sum union or st aff association? OrdinalDo you tend to combining or tend not to trust the police? ordinalRespondents trust nominalHow old were you when you completed your unremitting full-time education? NominalHow beta to always to vote in elections ordinalPeople who want children ought to get married ordinalGay or lesbian couples should have the right to marry genius another if they want to ordinalThere is one faithfulness for the rich and one for the poor ordinalLeft-right scale ordinalLibertarian-authoritarian scale ordinalWelfarism scale ordinalTo which of these groups do you consider you belong? ordinalHow grand to help people in the rest of the introduction who are worse off than yourself ordinalHow do variables levels of measurement affect statistical analyses? Give examples. keen the level of measure can help with how to interpret the data from that variable. This also plastereds that the appropriate statistical analysis used on certain note value because if the valu e was nominal then data would not be aver ripend or use a t- examen on the data.2. You are required to report some descriptive statistics. Report your findings using any charts or tables you think are appropriate. Report two measures of dispersion and two measures of central tendency of the mo of children aged between 4 and 15 living in the respondents households?StatisticsNumber of children in HH aged 4-15yrs dvNValid2878Missing0Mean.33Median.00Mode0Std. Deviation.741Variance.548Range5Minimum0Maximum5Measures of central tendency were computed to summarize the data for the number of children in households aged 4-15yrs variable. Measures of dispersion were computed to understand the variability of scores for the number of children in households aged 4-15yrs variable. The following are the results of this analysis N = 2878, M=0.33, SD=0.741. When you look at the rigorous, it appears that on that point is signficant number of children aged 4-15yrs living in households. Also, based o n the small standard deviation, it looks like the data is not varied.What percentage of the sample believe it is ruin for government to be formed of one party on its take? (report valid percent) Better for govt to be formed of one party, or two in coalition?FrequencyPercentValid PercentCumulative PercentValidGovt formed by one political party on own62021.569.569.5Govt formed by two political parties in coalition2729.530.5100.0 heart and soul89231.0100.0MissingNot applicable190766.3Dont know762.6Refused3.1 wide198669.0Total2878100.069.5% (valid percent) believe it is better for government to be formed of one party on its own.3. The following questions are about the number of employees respondents supervise . What is the greatest number of employees a respondent reported superintend?StatisticsHow many employees do you supervise? dvNValid2776Missing102Maximum3000The greatest number of employees who responded to the report of supervising was 3000.Recode the variable measuring how man y employees respondents supervise into the following categories 0 employees, 1- 10 employees, 11- 100 employees and more than 100 employees. Display the proportions in each course using appropriate tables and charts.This bar chart shows that over 60% of respondents manage were 0 employees, over 20% of respondents supervised were 1- 10 employees, near 10% of respondents supervised were 11-100 employees and near 5% of respondents supervised were over 100 employees.What percentage of respondents who supervise 0 employees agree strongly there is one law for the rich and one for the poor?25.1% respondents who supervise 0 employees agree strongly there is one law for the rich and one for the poor.4. The following question are about the age respondents were when they left education and their scores on a welfare scale. Report the confidence interval of the mean age respondents were when they left continuous full time education. Please give an interpretation of your results.One-Sample Test Test Value = 0tdfSig. (2-tailed)Mean Difference95% Confidence Interval of the Difference displaceUpperHow old were you when you completed your continuous full-time education?90.4162864.00019.05318.6419.47We can be 95% confident that the mean on how old were you when you completed your continuous full-time education is between 18.64 and 19.47. This is significant due to significant value is less than the alpha value of 0.05, which means we can reject the null scheme.Is respondents mean score on the scale measuring their attitudes to welfare significantly different from 3? Please give an interpretation of your results. One-Sample TestTest Value = 3tdfSig. (2-tailed)Mean Difference95% Confidence Interval of the DifferenceLowerUpperWelfarism scale-.4792338.632-.0066929-.034102.020716The mean is insignificant when testing at value of 3 so this means we cannot reject or accept the null hypothesis.5. The following question is about hypothesis testing and statistical significance. In your own words, define the concept of a sampling distribution.Sampling distribution is where the possibility of obtaining each likely value of a statistic from a random sample of a population.In your own words, describe the difference between a p value and an (alpha) value.The alpha value is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when the null hypothesis is true whereas the p value is the probability of obtaining your sample data if the null hypothesis was true.6. The following questions are about behavioural and attitudinal differences between members of the sample. For each question you must select the appropriate test of significance, report relevant SPSS output and an interpretation of your results. a) Is respondents trust in the police independent of their race? Which test did you use and was it statistically significant?Do you tend to trust or tend not to trust the police? * To which of these groups do you consider you belong? CrosstabulationCountTo which of these groups do you consider you belong?TotalBlackAsianWhiteDo you tend to trust or tend not to trust the police? authority it a great deal623239268Tend to trust it324811241204Tend to distrust it2210246278Distrust it greatly5194100Total658217031850I used the Chi-squared test on the data. You could argue that the data does show that the respondents trust in the police may not be independent of their race, however I do not believe this was statistically significant due to needing a larger sample size to being to prove or disprove this hypothesis.How does the mean rating respondents give to helping people in the rest of the world who are worse off than you differ by religion? Which test did you use and was it statistically significant?RanksRespondents religion dvNMean RankHow important to help people in the rest of the world who are worse off than yourself S-CACChurch of England/Anglican286305.02Roman Catholic154389.22Other Christian247360.93Total687RanksHow important to help people in the rest of the world who are worse off than yourself S-CACNMean RankRespondents religion dvNot at all important133227.302135236.293178210.96Total446I used the Kruskal Wallis test. You could argue that the data does show religion has a higher mean rank then to how important to help people in the rest of the world who are worse off than yourself. This is not statistically significant as it does prove or reject the null hypothesis.Describe the association between the numbers of cars and vans people own or have regular use of and the number of trips they can make by plane during the last 12 months? Which test did you use and was it statistically significant?CorrelationsHow many, if any, cars or vans does your household own or have the regular use of?How many trips did you make by plane during the last 12 months?How many, if any, cars or vans does your household own or have the regular use of?Pearson Correlation1.502**Sig. (2-tailed).000N28782878How many trips did you make by plane during the last 12 months?Pearson Correlation.502**1Sig. (2-tailed).000N28782878**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).I used the Pearsons Correlation Coefficient test. It was statistically significant because there is no correlation between the variables.How does the mean age respondents left full-time education differ across men and women? Which test did you use and was it statistically significant?How old were you when you completed your continuous full-time education? * Person 1 wake CrosstabulationPerson 1 SEXTotalMaleFemaleHow old were you when you completed your continuous full-time education?110140111010111213121341304414676713415247327574163744388121786130216181162083241929487720314273211021272292272871592336488424232245251482226137202732528617292243014531112341013510138011950339621264797246Total125316122865I used the Chi-squared test on the data. There is not much difference males and females in regards to what age they left education so this statistic test was stati stically insignificant.7. The following questions are about modelling the relationship between belief in always voting in elections and respondents age. Please include all relevant SPSS output and interpret your results. a) mannequin respondents beliefs about the grandeur of always voting in elections as a function of their age. What is the expected change in the scores measuring respondents beliefs in the importance of voting with a unit change in their age?Person 1 age last birthday * How important to always to vote in elections S-CAC CrosstabulationCountHow important to always to vote in elections S-CACTotalNot at all important23456Very importantPerson 1 age last birthday182122213131910013251220112213212212122312132221012171423420024416242135420172512511261826311241416271104268222831047192529102121613301144425213121321572132202223617332011217143400130371435141215152936106235122937101235618381031031321391034609234010236182141314763123642424633143643131454143244100301813451161431 228464013221426472110321423482203348224930036710295020411