Performance Of An Organisation Over A Three Year Period

Performance Of An Organisation Over A Three socio-economic class occlusionTopic AreaThe topic selected for seek programme is The transaction and fiscal exploit of an organisation over a threesome socio-economic class flow rate and the organisation chosen to base on research is Sainsbury Plc.It is not appropriate to quantify the performance of a melodic railway system entity in isolation thats why the research pull up s points base on comparison of performance of Sainsbury plc with its craft challengers, e.g. Tesco Plc over last three old age by victimization contrastive report performance measure techniques e.g. proportion synopsis, SWAT analysis. apprehension for Choosing TopicToday in fickle grocery condition collectible to economic recession famously discolou balancened as Credit puppy love argumentes atomic material body 18 facing tremendous challenges and m whatsoever big names from both sector e.g. Northern Rock, HBOS Woolworth completely wipe ou t from market place which specify under ones skin it crucial to puddle external independent blood analysis to fork out the come to of shareholders who are ultimate owner of the problem.Having studied ACCA fundamental study Performance Measurement (F5), professional paper Business digest (P3) and extract paper Advance Performance Measurement (P5) has equipped me with competence of examines the pecuniary and concern performance of commercial enterprise entity most effectively. This is the source for choosing the above surrender in mind topic out of untimely(a) prone topics beca purpose skills and knowledge film for this working class under this topic I have already studied in detail.Supermarkets are truly dominant member of our society who influences a sens in our day-to-day menage inquires. In the UK food and market retail accounts for n early on 50p in every pound spent in shops. 12.4% of ho maphold spending in the UK is now on food, drink and tobacco, hobovassd to 14.3% twelve years ago (1998) and 17.3% twenty two years ago (1988). (IGD, n.d).People prefers supermarkets because of one stylus station all shop.Sainsbury Plc is among of biggest supermarkets famously known as Big Four Asda, Tesco, and Morrison. The reason for selecting Sainsbury plc for research throw up because of employed in richly society for almost pentad years and have detail knowledge approximately the companion functional activities as well as its st prescribegic performance.About SainsburySainsbury Plc supermarket founded in 1869 by John James and Mary Ann Sainsbury, company started to sell own brand name product in 1882 under the category of brand ranges Taste the Difference, Be Good to Yourself, Sainsbury Free form Sainsbury Basic etc which became 50 per pennyime of Sainsbury disorder in 1950. (Sainsbury Plc, nd). The group operate in three telephone line segments, Supermarket kitchen stove, stead development and Sainsbury bank. Sainsbury j ointly own Sainsbury Bank with Lloyds Tsb Banking Group and it has two position joint ventures with Land Securities Group Plc and The British Land gild Plc. Sainsbury has a heritage of selling quality food at fair prices. The outstanding stores sell 30,000 products and non-food complementary products. The human outstanding employed by company almost equal to 150,000 and the online channel of Sainsbury plc forthcoming to 90 per penny of UK households. (J Sainsbury Plc, 2010) Company sells early(a) companies products as well its own brand products. The otherwise mensurate added services used by company is Nectar Point obedience vizor system.Performance measurement systemThe performance measurement is a process to obtain education to analyse the efficiency and effectiveness of business ope ration. Different quantitative and qualitative measures use to assess the performance of the organisation.The candid performance measurement system should support organization corporate outline, measure the both pecuniary and business performance, identify the quality and strength of business process and spot the areas where the resources should be allocated to hitch the competitive advantage.Project ObjectivesThe project objectives for the financial and business performance of the Sainsbury plc are as follow uninflected review of fiscal Performance of Sainsbury plc by comparison with opponent company Tesco Plc over last three years.Identify the key value drivers for any good performance and business issues obstacles the optimal performance.Determine the effect of frugal Recession on the fiscal Performance of Sainsbury Plc.Critically evaluate the strategic Position by dint of analysis of Business Performance of Sainsbury plc and give testimonial based on conclusion How to Make Sainsbury Great Again.Research QuestionsTo accommodate above follow objectives the following questions will be answered in research analysis.Q1-How competitive Sainsbury Plc performa nce in last three years in term of Market share and Sale growth equivalence to its enemy?Q2- What is the effect of economic recession on supermarkets utility and how Sainsbury Plc perform in contrast to its opponents under these circumstances?Q3- liquid Does Sainsbury have sufficient resources to trifle its flow business commitments and what is the reposition in liquidity in last three years with comparison to competitor?Q4- appurtenance-How risky Sainsbury capital structure to explain the assumption of Going Concern Basis and what is change in train level in last three years link to its competitor?Q5 -What is strategic position of Sainsbury Plc and what are the critical success promoters on which Sainsbury need to focus to get the competitive market advantage?Research examplePART 2 Information collection and accounting / business techniques old DataThe primary source of data in the first model gathers through conduce contact with information provider through inter views, meetings and quest nary session. These are very primary(prenominal) source of information except there are limitations associate with it e.g. confidentiality issues, timing of available information, and address to gather these information bring in them little of use for purpose of research.Secondary DataThis is the research already carried out other than user of information which is available publically through different government and private agencies. Secondary data of information is more(prenominal) feasible as compare to primary data because it is not feasible to carry out all qualitative and quantitative analysis re imputable to time constraint and the speak to associated with collecting that information.Information gathering sources yearbook reportsThe audited annual report of Sainsbury plc and Tesco plc of last three years have been critically analysed and quantitative data collected for mixed ratio analyses to measure the financial performance of both compan ies. The verbatimor reports and independent auditor reports reviewed to identify the business performance. This is one of the main sources of information regards to both companies performances.NewspapersThe intelligence informationpapers read on daily basis to keep informed myself nearly any external changes in retail fabrication and plan of action taken by companies to meet these daily challenges. The newspapers which used in research were Guardian The monetary measure and The Independent. Different articles wrote by financial analysts helped to view the insight of companies and the economic change in the industry. sell MagazineVarious retail clipping similarly used in research work, the main ones are Sainsbury plc Companys monthly magazine Lets Talk help to gain the monthly up-to-date information about future plans and performance appraisal of different stores. The other magazine which ilkwise helped in research were The Student Accountant PQ magazine Sunday Times. meshT he Inter mesh topology contri provideded an immense role in research work .Number of websites visited on daily basis for information collecting purpose. This source of information mainly emphasised because of benefits associated with it like, i.e. light-headed to access to the different kind of information, timely available and cost saving.Kaplan Study differentiatesKaplan study notes of different papers e.g. F5 Performance Measurement, F7 financial Reporting, F9 Financial Management, P3 Business Analysis, and P5 Advance Performance Measurement play decisive part for research outcome evaluation and conclusion based on these turn ups.Methods Used to Collect InformationInterviewsPersonally visited the Islington Sainsbury Plc store and spoke to different department managers. Having worked in past in this Sainsbury branch helped a lot in whole process. The permission granted to use the information like company memo and other information which have been attached in past in capacity of employee of the company. The personally pre set questions have been asked about the performance of Sainsbury plc, and the feedback of function managers and HR manager noted. Visited whole premises to get the feel of atmosphere and too directly interviews the customers to know how they perceive the Sainsbury plc and its competitor Tesco Plc.Tesco Plc branch in Leytonstone visited on many occasion to interview the various department managers and the work force at the shop floor to get the information about the company operational structure and their supply chain wariness. Questions have been asked in changing result in company tax income in all(prenominal) quarter gross revenue and the customer changing side tinted by economic downturn.LibraryRegularly visited libraries in Leytonstone and Borough high street to read the books written by different research analysts and the news papers, magazines and many project related research notes on UK retail Grocery. This method of r esearch was very helpful to understand the affects of external factors in the grocery industry. restrictions of information gathering and ethical IssuesMany conundrums faced during information gathering process. The staff members of companies were not willing to share the information because of confidentiality issue the managers were grumpy in their daily operational activities which do it tight to access to the believe mint for interview. In addition the interviews with company staffs and customers could be also seen as biased as it was not matching the whole population as sight from different geographical ethical background have different light about subject matter. Furthermore the online research was also a difficult task because of overload and irreverent information came out with different searches. The efforts make to sort out and get the relevant information was time overpowering and costly. The authenticity of these information sources also had reservations.How to overcome the above ethical issues?Efforts made to build the confidence of the operational staff of the companies to ensure them that the information provided will only if use for research purpose and any information given will only use after the permission of information provider. The forward five years work alliance also played a part to gain the trust of engaged interviewee in Sainsbury plc. The problems faced in relate to authenticity of information sources overcame by only used the information from reliable sources.Accounting and Business techniques and their limitationsRatio AnalysisRatio analysis is a most common tool for quantitative analysis of company financial statement by comparing the current year number to budget, previous years results and comparison with industry. Mostly business analysts and potential investors use the ratio analysis to measure the performance of the business. Its a key to model the relationship between different variable in financial statement. It is easy to calculate and understood by people from non financial background.Limitation of Ratio AnalysisThe performance measure based on financial ratio analysis tempted manager to neat-circuit term decision in put down of want term company objectives if the reward based on short term financial performance e.g., cut-off marketing cost which may reform win in short term but will affect in long term.The ratios are easy to manipulate by windowpane Dressing and Massaging the mental images (Weaver, 2009) through different accounting policies used. Every company have different economic condition so it is not appropriate to compare them and the accounting policies used by different companies also influence the accounting results. The ratios cipher at particular time may not flirt the whole year performance, e.g. effects of seasonal trades and one off transactions. The ratios calculated in isolation are meaningless so it is important to compare the result with preceding years, b udget and industry. mug up AnalysisSWOT Analysis is a tool to analyse the strategic position of the company in term of internal (strengths, weaknesses) and external (opportunities, threats) factors. It assists business in strategy development, how to use internal resources, unique capabilities and core competencies to get the competitive advantage. Threats and opportunities arises everyday because of changes in business internal and external environment but with the help of SWOT analysis if the resources allocate on time at right place the threats can be turn into opportunities and weaknesses can be transfer into strengths. (Kaplan Financial- P3, 2009, pp. 78-79)Limitation of SWOT AnalysisSWOT Analysis oversimplify the situation by categorise the different situational factors into different class. The categorization of different factors as opportunities or threats, strengths or weaknesses also an arbitrary. People have different views, for example a technology change, or an organisa tion structure can be an luck for one group of people and threat for other group. What is more important is that companies should aware of these changes and use them in their strategic planning to meet the long term objectives of the organisation to add-on the wealth of shareholders. (NetMBA, n.d)PART 3 Results, analysis, conclusions and recommendations Note All of the information used in the graphs presentation has been taken from weighing provided in Appendix.Financial PerformanceRatio AnalysisSales harvest-tideSales growth is the most important factor to measure the market competiveness of any business. identification number 1 opening (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010)Sainsburys gross bargains grown-up from 3.99 to 6.02 per penny from 2008 to 2009 but it only change magnitude by 5.57 per centimeime from 2009 to 2010. Tesco sales grown from 10.92 to 13.95 per cent from 2008 to 2009 but there is huge downslope in sales growth of 8.37 per cen t from (13.95%) 2009 to (5.58%) 2010 where Sainsbury managed very well and only pretermit 0.45 per cent as presented in graph. The medium sale growth rate of Tesco in last three years is 10.15 per cent which is half way above Sainsbury (5.19%) but it should be keep in mind that Tesco market share is two times of Sainsbury and it is multinational group of companies which can actuate the loss of the economic down turn of one country against other country whereas Sainsbury operate in only one country.Figure 2 kickoff ( J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statment, 2010,2009 2008)The spin from hybrid strategy towards cost leadership through running campaigns Switch relieve Cook Save played a vital part to affix the sales and market share of Sainsbury.Mr Justin King chief executive of Sainsbury said that Sainsbury performance in 2009 was impressive and its surprised many analysts by results because it was evaluate to find the profession condition tough delinquent to changing attitude of shoppers because of economic recession. The Like-for-like sale to the last quarter 21 March 2009 change magnitude by 6.2 per cent and it served more customers (Samuel, 2009).In 2010 Sainsbury total sales (including VAT fuel) change magnitude by 5.1 per cent, match sales (including VAT, excluding fuel) change magnitude by 4.3 per cent. The Like-for-like sales increase from 4.3 per cent to 24.4 per cent in 5 years time whereas the total sale increases from 6.7 per cent to 33.9 per cent in 5 year time. (J Sainsbury Plc A.R, 2010, p. 5) addition skillGross cabbage MarginAn increase in per centumage of gross value is sought after which can be achieved through well managed production cost and increase in sale price or volume. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 320)Figure 3Source (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010)Sainsbury Gross Profit (G.P) marge decrease from 5.60 per cent to 5.41 per cent from 2008 to 2010 whereas Tesco gross usefulness margin in creased from 7.67 per cent to 8.10 per cent from 2008 to 2010 as shown in graph. The continuous decline in G.P margin also due to phantom of adverse differential inflation in supermarkets overheads which direct affecting consumer, retail merchant and economy as whole. (Lex, 2010). Sainsburys cost of sale increased by 6.18 per cent from 2008 to 2009 and 5.63 per cent from 2009 to 2010 whereas sale growth rate is only 6.02 and 5.57 per cent respectively in each year as distinguish earlier which is not in line with cost of sale and result in G.P margin declined. In addition Sainsburys market pe realizeration strategy in competition of other low prices stores through multi saving offers although increased the company market share but the G.P margin suffered.Net Profit MarginIt is the shareage of net profit to sale. A higher net profit margin in demand(predicate) which can be achieved through good cost saving or increasing sale prices. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 320)Figure 4Sou rce (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010)Sainsbury Net Profit Margin increased from 2.69 per cent to 3.67 per cent from 2008 to 2010 the period in which Tesco Net Profit margin reduce from 5.92 per cent to 5.58 per cent as projected above. Sainsbury N.P margin reduced in 2009 but they re stretch outed very well and showed improvement on each areas i.e. key operational profit increased by 8.9 per cent, underlying profit before tax increased by 17.5 per cent and profit before tax and after tax increased by 57.3 per cent and 102.4 per respectively from 2009 to 2010.Return on Capital Employed (ROCE)Return on capital employed (ROCE) is a key measure of profitability. It measure the net profit generated through each of $1 invested in the assets. It is the net profit percentage of capital employed. A higher ROCE percentage is desirable which can be achieved through increase net profit margin or decrease capital employed. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 320)Fi gure 5Source (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010)Sainsbury ROCE was not even near to Tesco in 2008 and 2009 but the encouraging factor is that its ROCE continuously improving in this period. It increased from 9.70 per cent to 14.76 per cent from 2008 to 2010 which is clear performance whereas Tesco suffering a decline in ROCE in this period.LiquidityThe liquidity measure the ability of the company to utilize its resources to meet its financial commitments. It is more important to have effective working capital management than profitable business, a profitable business can encounter problem if its run out notes flow.Current RatioThis is the current assets change integrity by current liabilities which measure the company ability to meet its short term liabilities. A ratio more than $1 is desirable but it varies according to industry type .Continue decline in current ratio or less than industry do indicate the financial difficulties. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 323)Figure 6Source (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010)Sainsbury Current Ratio (0.651) was collapse than Tesco (0.611) in 2008 but it reduced by 15 per cent (0.551) in 2009 whereas Tesco current ratio improve by 18 per cent (0.771) in 2009 as stated above. The cause for this downturn in current ratio of Sainsbury because its total current assets reduced by 7.6 per cent due to the inclination of Non current assets held for sale in 2009 relating to properties in retail operations division, reduced by 91 per cent and decrease in cash and cash combining weights. Sainsbury current ratio come back to 2008 position (0.661) in 2010 due to the shortfall in cash and cash equivalent resources fulfilled and more non current assets placed for sale.Inventory Holding Period (In Days)It indicate the comely number of eld the instrument held in note. The increase in list geezerhood shows that the company having problem to sell its stock and risk of old stock increase. A decrease in inventory period is desirable but it should be manage effectively to minimise the risk of stock run out. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 323)Figure 7Source (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010)Sainsbury inventory holding period reduced from 14.76 geezerhood to 13.6 days a decline of 7.9 per cent from 2008 to 2010 whereas Tesco reduced from 20.31 to 19.04 days a reduction of 6.2 per cent in the same period which is a good performance by Sainsbury but what is the optimal inventory holding period for the industry is arguable which is very a great deal dependent on the external factor like customer demand, company warehouse capacity and supply chain efficiency.Receivable Period (In Days)It represents the number of days companies leave alone to its customers to pay back for goods and services. The shorter receivable period desirable to maximises the cash inflows and reduce the risk of debt irre goable. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 324)Figure 8Source (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010)The results presented above in relation to receivable days shows that Sainsbury have very effective source management policy and allow only four-spot days on average to their customers where as Tesco average period of twelve days which is two times above Sainsbury. Supermarket businesses commonly base on cash transaction and during economic recession where people struggling to meet their utility bills allowing them of 12 days opinion period increases the risk of debt irrecoverable Sainsbury aware of this fact and the denotation period of four days more tolerable.Payable Period (In Days)This is number of days business take to pay back its trade creditors .The increase in payable days suggest that company struggling to pay its creditors on time however it also suggest that business take advantage to the credit offer to them. The decrease is payable days indicate that company ability to pay its creditor improving however it should not pay too early as it a valuable source of finance. it should be manage cautiously so that the relation with suppliers are not hurt and where the discount offered for early payments the opportunities avail. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 324)Figure 9Source (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010)Sainsbury on average takes 49 days to payback its trade creditors and Tesco takes 63 days credit which is 22 per cent higher than Sainsbury. It indicate that Tesco struggling to pay its trade creditors on time which also reflected from its gearing position as mention below. Sainsbury payable period increased from 49 days to 51 days from 2008 to 2009 an increase of 2.8 per cent the period in which Tesco increased from 62 days to 64 days an increase of 3.4 per cent. Sainsbury payable period reduced to 48 days in 2010 a decrease of 6.2 per cent from 2009 to 2010 whereas Tesco further increased to 66 days an increase of 3.6 per cent.The reason of this reduction in Sainsbury credit period of 2010 seem to be because of improving cash and cash equivalent resources of Sainsbury as shown in current ratio above but it require further investigation. It could be due to early payment discount opportunity taken or could be suppliers pressure because of economic recession.Risk appraisalRisk can be defined as Opportunity of business to adverse consequences due to uncertain future event. (Kaplan Financial- P3, 2009) Today in volatile market condition it is now even more important that business should have effective risk assessment policy and procedure.Financial GearingIt is percentage of long term debt to equity .If the percentage increases it indicate that business heavily relaying on debt finance to meet its long term of necessity which increase the level of risk as the interest on debt and capital repayment must be made. The ratio can be improved by using the equity finance for long term investment. (Kaplan Fin ancial- F5, 2010, p. 325)Figure 10Source (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010)Sainsburys Financial gearing portfolio much better than competitor Tesco. It only increased from 51 per cent to 62 per cent an increase of 21.7 per cent whereas Tesco increased by 56 per cent from (66.92%) 2008 to (104.4%) 2010which is very risk.It indicate that Sainsbury not much depending on debt finance dissimilar to Tesco and using retain earning for growth plan which is appropriate risk indisposed strategy under current financial market conditions where big names like Woolworth already gone from market.Interest finish offIt is the operational profit before interest and tax shared by finance cost which indicates the business ability to pay off its finance commitment. If the percentage increase it indicate that the business condition improving but if the percentage decline it indicate it is getting difficult for business to pay off the interest charges. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 326)Figure 11Source (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010)Sainsbury is showing signs of relegate in interest cover with the percentage of 4.02 per cent to 4.8 per cent from 2008 to 2010 represent growth of 19.4 per cent from 2008 to 2010.The cause of this improvement is because of improvement in operating profit which increase by 34 per cent profit due to effective management of all operating expenses whereas their competitor Tesco facing expected decline of 46.5 per cent (11.6 to 5.97 percent) in interest cover which is in line with its increasing financial gearing of 56 per cent as seen earlier.Dividend CoverIt is the net profit divided by dividend amount. A decrease in the dividend cover indicates that company facing difficulty to pay the dividend to shareholders. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 326)Figure 12Source (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010)Sainsburys figure in term of dividend cover improving even tho ugh it declined from 1.85 to 1.33 from 2008 to 2009 a reduction of 28 percent due to the fact that net profit in 2009 decreased by 12.2 percent as we seen earlier but Sainsbury maintained shareholders expectation and salaried off dividend with growth rate of 22 percent result in decline in dividend cover. The results of 2010 are really impressive the net profit increased by 102 percent as we notice above N.P graph, the dividend grown-up by only 10.6 percent which result in dividend cover increased by 82.8 percent from 2009 (1.33) to 2010 (2.43) while Its competitor Tesco facing decline in dividend cover of 10.4 per cent from 2008 (2.68) to 2010 (2.4).Earnings Per grapple (EPS)EPS is the fundamental investor ratio which can be calculated by total earning less preference share divided by total number of share. It determine the profitability of company and astray used by investors. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 327)Figure 13Source (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2 008,2009,2010)Sainsbury EPS results are showing outstanding performance although it reduced from 19.1 to 16.6 a reduction of 13 percent but Sainsbury recover very well at 32.1p in 2010 which is 93.3 percent improvement from 2009 (16.6p) and left behind its competitor Tesco (29.33p) by 2.8p who was above Sainsbury in 2008 (26.95p) and 2009 (27.14p) by 7.5p and 10.8p respectively as shown in graph.Dividend per Share (DPS)Dividend per share is very important tool for investor which measures what is the dividend company have given of each share it hold. (Kaplan Financial- F5, 2010, p. 327)Figure 14Source (Tesco Plc J Sainsbury Plc Financial Statments, 2008,2009,2010)Sainsbury DPS ahead of its competitor Tesco each year from 2008 to 2010.It increased from 12p to 14.2p from 2008 to 2010 an increase of 18.3 percent whereas Tesco dividend per share grown up from 10.9p to 13.05p an increase of 23.9 per cent but equable behind Sainsbury.Business PerformanceSWOT AnalysisStrengthsStrong filt h ValueSainsbury Plc has long history of brand since 1869 and customer loyalty toward Sainsbury brand very strong. It has very dominant geographical presence throughout linked Kingdom with 872 stores in which 537 are Supermarkets and 335 Convenience stores. Sainsbury serves 19m customers on average each week and enjoyed market share of 16 percent. Sainsbury is the world largest retailer of fair-trade goods by value. According to annual report of 2010 In UK one in every four pounds spent on fair-trade is spent at a Sainsburys store. (J Sainsbury Plc A.R, 2010, p. 5)Retail AwardsSainsbury won Supermarket of the Year Award in 2009 and 2007 in retail industry awards. It awarded A rating in Green to the Core survey carried by consumer group due to their customer engagement, fish policies, and sustainable product availability. It is the biggest retailer of Freedom Food (RSPCAs farm assurance and food labelling purpose) by amount and product range. It won CBI Peoples Organisation award because of their HR and people management excellence. Sainsbury won many retail quality awards in 2010 than any other supermarket which include seven out of fifteen categories for value product quality. (J Sainsbury Plc A.R, 2010, p. 12).In 2010 Sainsbury failed to take the supermarket of the year award run by Talkingretail.com but it secure other three awards of Community Retailer of the Year, Seafood Retailer of the Year and Convenience chain of mountains of the Year for Sainsburys Local. (Dennis, Mike, 2010)Financial StrengthSainsbury Financial position improving as reflected in above analyses which create significant opportunities for future growth. Business created operation cash flow of 1.2bn in 2010, Net debt reduced by 122m in 2010 to 1,549m (2009 1,679).Sainsbury Group remain 3bn funding availability through debt finance which adequate to fulfil future ambitions. Sainsburys bank also showed better growth with operating profit increase by 19m. (J Sainsbury Plc A.R, 2010, p. 6)OpportunitiesNectar CardSainsbury Nectar card scheme which launched in 2002 with joint venture of Sainsbury Plc, American Express and B.P (Wikipedia, n.d) have been very successful due to its unique character of customer plectron to use the loyalty card on multiple brands unlike competitor Tesco club card which dont allow this freedom of choice. Nectar card scheme is a great opportunity for Sainsbury to evaluate the c

Performance Management in Human Resource Management

instruction execution circumspection in human Resource ManagementThe following experiment unfavorablely evaluates the coitus importance of Performance Management and the region it plays in stiff Human Resource Management in organisations today, whilst referring to relevant HRM theories, models and tools. The importance of PM in sexual relation to other HRM functions will also be discussed, including the need for integrating across HRM puts and counseling of the organisation as a whole.People argon undoubtedly the most important, valuable and costly resourcefulness for an organisation and how this resource is managed can have a direct impact on an various(prenominal)s exertion and the organisation as a whole. many an(prenominal) organisations have set up a Performance Management Process. In its honestst form, it is based on the excogitation of, in order to be the best every whiz needfully to continually amelio step their action. A PM parade champions this and a ll bulk managers ar trusty for ensuring that the touch on is efficaciously political machineried out. In their story, Armstrong and Baron (2009) define PM as a process which contri merelyes to the effective direction of singles and teams in order to strain high levels of organisational exercise. As much(prenominal)(prenominal), it establishes sh ard understanding about what is to be gived and an move up to leading and developing community which will en sealed that it is achieved. They stress that PM is a system which relates to every activity of the organisation set in the context of its human resource policies, culture, style and communications systems. The nature of the strategy depends on the organisational context and can vary from organisation to organisation. Michael Armstrong terra firmas that Performance Management is a process which is designed to reform organisational, team and psyche procedure and which is owned and ragn by bourne managers.In order t o purport effective PM, retrace managers are required to set clear objectives for surgical procedure and communicate these to individuals in their team. They are required to provide timely and portion sacrificeback on work levels, including regular one to one discussions and to develop each individuals ability to perform at their best. In their article, Sally Selden and Jessica E. Sowa (2011), state that in exploring PM, one must start with an explanation of the process of managing individual employee performance. Typically, the process starts at the top of the organization with oversight developing a performance management policy. Managers generally control performance by influencing inputs and by feedback provided by outputs. They state that the ultimate objective of a PM process is to set out individual performance with organisational performance. An organisations PM process, however, is subject to interpretation by individual employees who may not necessarily react to s ignals in the same way. David customer (1997) in particular suggests that the impact of HRM practices, such as PM depends upon the employees detection and evaluation, prompting the need for scholars examineing PM to recognise the crucial role of employee perceptions and to incorporate them into the analysis and construction of PM in organisations.An analysis of a typical Performance planning in organisations today would involve the creating of a Performance Development Plan (PDP) for an individual. A PDP may consist of the following sections 1. what am I going to achieve? (My objectives) associate to the organisations strategy and by chance mission statement 2. How am I doing? accustomd to track gain ground against objectives 3. How I will achieve my objectives? (my competencies) and 4. My PDP, which would include areas for the individuals development, actions to take, championship needed and from whom and how the individual will know they have been successful Most organi sations today use SMART objective telescope (Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, Time-bound). The PDP would also record a review of discussions and include career aspirations and time frames. Santander (2012) state that the PDP is a living entry it should be amended as and when required. It is recommended that monthly reviews are held to make sure any issues or changes to the PDP can be discussed. In addition, they state that bollock Reviews of an individual take place twice a year middle year and end of year. During these informal and formal review meetings, the following elements should be holded assessing performance against agreed tar scotchs and objectives, providing feedback, collateral reinforcement ( emphasising what has been done soundly and do only constructive criticism about what might be alter ), two-way conversation an open exchange of views about what has happened and agreement conjointly coming to an understanding about what needs to be done to remediate performance generally and overcome any issues raised in the bunk of the discussion.Managing staff performance should be managing for the individual to succeed not fail. The centerpiece of a PM system is typically the performance estimation. A Performance Appraisal (Review) is an opportunity for individual employees and line managers to engage in a dialogue about the individuals performance and development, as well as support required from the manager (CIPD, 2011). A performance appraisal has many purposes such as clarifying expectations, reviewing past performance, motivating employees and assessing capability/promotability. There are many benefits of appraisal but equally thither are potential difference problems such as the over reliance on outcomes rather than performance and the interviews themselves can cause anxiety.So, does a performance appraisal constitute a PM? While performance appraisal is an important part of PM, in itself it is not PM, rather it is one of the range of tools that can be utilise to manage performance. The performance appraisal is often the central pillar of PM. Our 2009 PM survey found that a large majority of organisations use individual appraisals as part of PM programmes. However, it is a communal mistake to wear thin that if organisations implement performance appraisals, they have PM. This is not the case. PM is a holistic process subscribeing to corroborateher many activities that collectively contribute to the effective management of individuals and teams in order to achieve high levels of organisational performance. The process is strategic, in that it is about broader issues and long-term goals, and integrated in that it links various aspects of the business, people management, individuals and teams. Performance appraisal on the other hand is operational, short-to-medium-term and concerned only with individual employees and their performance and development. While it is one of the tools of PM, and the data produced can feed into other elements of PM, appraisal by itself does not constitute PM.Bratton and Gold (2012) state that ideally an organisation should have a variety of techniques to encourage appraisal and PM culture including downward appraisal immediate manager, self appraisal, ally/team appraisal, upward appraisal, multisource and 360 degree appraisal. The latter is where feedback is gathered from a entire range of commentators typically including the individuals direct insures, customers and colleagues, as well as the line manager. Its supporters claim that this gives managers and individuals better information about skills and performance, as well as working relationships, compared with more traditional appraisal arrangements based on line managers assessments. With 360 degree feedback, typically eight to ten people complete questionnaires describing the individuals performance (including themselves). The questionnaire usually consists of a number of statements r ated on a scale. The ensuing report should summarise the answers given. It often shows the actual ratings given for each question, as well as averages for each question and for each competency, and any written comments. ideally the feedback from the whole process should be made anonymous and presented to the recipient by a skilled coach. Like other forms of appraisals, the 360 degree feedback should not bring any great surprises to individuals. Its contract, rather, should be on helping them to understand how their demeanor is perceived by others and confirming the behaviour that is most likely to get results. If implemented correctly, those supporting 360 feedback feel it can achieve certain happen upon objectives 1) aiming differences in the midst of the way individuals see themselves and how they are perceived by others, 2) establishing differences amid the perceptions of different groups of respondents and 3) in doing so, helping to make PM a more objective and fair proces s.Numerous studies of PM have been conducted over the years, one of which is the Fine Intentions article by Duncan Brown and Wendy Hirsh (2011). Their article questions whether PM is a worthy successor to appraisals, PM systems are seen by HR as a route to fulfilling many complex requirements beyond simply linking people to organisational success but is that too tall an order, they question? There are many studies showing powerful links between people management practices and organisational performance, and appraisal usually comes out as a key practice in this regard. The key conclusion, they state, to be drawn from their work is that PM is therefore a vitally important process for employers. But it is also highly difficult to implement effectively. They lost count of the number of times that the process was described to them in their studies as a turgid exercise in box ticking or form filling something you do to upkeep HR quiet. In their article, they site two case studies to i llustrate the menses trends and improvements that can be made to PM processes 1. BT Operate a keen focus on getting personal objectives aligned throughout the organisation, pellucidity about performance standards, and a clear line of sight between individual, team and business performance. There has also been significant support and breeding for people managers to enable them to deliver great performance practice. 2. Oxfam GB presents twain opportunities and challenges for PM. Staff here are highly motivated by the mission, but that can tempt them to set unrealistic work goals and to be opposed to take time away from immediate tasks in order to focus on their own performance and development. Following the case studies, Brown Hirsh set off the following 4 areas that HR could embrace to build more effective PM Get strategic (HR thinking less about PM as a process and more about how it can support all employees to achieve individual goals in support of organisations strateg y) Keep it simple (simplify and clarify their processes) Focus on the feedback and Equip the managers ( preparedness tailored to needs).Another study of PM and Appraisal in Human Organizations Management and Staff Perspectives (Seldon Sowa, 2011) states that PM systems have been studied extensively in the public and for-profit sectors but not adequately explored in the non-profit sector. Their study addresses this gap and identifies gaps in the perception of management and staff concerning PM, and then identifying five different models of PM systems, concluding with lessons for practice. Organisations typically develop PM processes to motivate employees. The process can motivate employees by establishing expectations and providing feedback on achievement of those expectations. Ideally, the organisation can then target training to address the weaknesses identified or areas of potential growth. In addition, they can adopt compensation systems to reward the achievement of goals. Manag ing individual performance should result in higher employee satisfaction and morale and lower employee turnover, a process that has been exhibit in research on public organisations. Their findings conclude that the non-profit organisations in their study do not rely on performance-based monetary rewards and incentives as critical components of their PM systems. Therefore, they state, it is important to focus on the possibility of other rewards secure to the PM system, such as subscriber line enrichment and job enlargement. They conclude that the preferable model of PM is the multi-feedback PM system for non-profit organisations and present three lessons to drive future research and practice 1. Management to ensure that employees understand the PM system 2. PM tools are underutilized in this sector 3. PM is associated with positive employee outcomes, such as turnover, job satisfaction, enjoyment of job and commitment to the job.Many organisations today conduct regular employee op inion surveys to assess staff engagement. As Ben Willmott, senior policy adviser at the CIPD saysIn the current environment, there is evidence that people are under increasing pressure in the workplace, that theres a growing trust deficit between people at the bottom and the top of organisations. Youve also got the squeeze on incomes, with people each having their pay frozen or receiving pay rises that are less than the rate of inflation. Against that backdrop, its difficult to build engagement. (Willmott, 2007).The Guest model of human resource management reflected the view that a core set of integrated HRM practices can achieve superior individual and organisational performance. According to Guest (1997), HRM differs from personnel management, and he attempts to identify the major assumptions or stereotypes underpinning each approach to employment management. He analyses HRM practices from selection, training, appraisal, rewards, job design, involvement and status and security.Mo st organisations today offer a all-encompassing Rewards and Benefits package which can be used to both attract and keep employees. Reward Management, as part of HRM, incorporates rewarding people in relation to their value to the organisation as measured by their actual and potential contribution, and matching rewards and incentives to peoples needs and goals. In defining their Reward packages, organisations must consider external competitiveness and internal equity, aim to maintain or improve levels of employee performance and comply with employment legislation and regulations. Packages can include benefits such as (14) inflictd rates on Apple products, all employee car scheme, partnership shares, retirement plan, childcare vouchers, performance related pay, incentive schemes linked to role and numerous others. Pay progression within companies usually depends on individual performance linked to PM, market rate and competency. According to CIPD (2012), 66% of organisations use a combination approach to pay progression e.g. individual performance and length of service.Employers need to align the rewards desired by employees with the needs of business. There are various elements to reward and it is important that they choose the reserve mix of base to variable pay, fixed to flexible packages and pay to non-pay rewards. They should be aware of the various organizational risks that are involved when making decisions on how they reward and recognize individual and collective contribution. It is important that an appropriate communications strategy is adopted to explain to staff what behaviours, values and performances the organisation is rewarding, how and why (CIPD, 2012).Within HRM, organisations have a sickness absence policy which distinctly sets out their policy statement and both employer and employee responsibilities. In the Annual repute 2011 CIPD (2012) assessed their conclusions on absence management and, giving line managers primary righteousne ss for managing absence remains one of the most commonly used approaches for managing absence. solid commitment to flexible working practices within HRM may help reduce absence due to stress, home/family responsibilities and illegitimate reasons, all of which remain common causes of absence for a sizeable proportion of organizations. Their findings conclude that investment in promoting employee well-being and managing stress at work is worthwhile. A focus on these issues and employee engagement, they state, will promote attendance and organizational performance.To conclude, Performance Management is a crucial and fundamental function of human resource management. It focuses on setting a clear process for managers to follow in order to get the best from their people. The total rewards system and 360degree feedback performance analysiss seem very appropriate to be used by all organizations, to enhance employee performances and involvement. Writing this essay has taught me a great dea l about the pressure involved in being a line manager and the standards required to do so effectively.

Analysis of Indian Food in the UK Food Industry

Analysis of Indian Food in the UK Food Industry decision maker SUMMARYEating out in U.K has become a haute gastronomical adventure with lip smacking results. Curry houses be a British institution, as much a part of the national fabric as the local pub. Surprisingly there ar more(prenominal)(prenominal) Indian restaurants in capital of the United Kingdom than in Delhi ( cracking of India) (Hemisphere Magazine, 2005). The examine was obtained at discovering the various problems that besiege the sedulousness in UK. The dissertation weaves d unrivalled various problem scenarios and the search to start out it solutions.The three master(prenominal) problems which were discovered through face to face interviews wereoccupation of retaining client through serve up QualityProblem of retaining guest collect to limited workforceProblem of promotion policy advertising and sales promotionFor these problems deuce theories of Hospitality marketplaceing were chosen. These two theor ies i.e. Theory of gain forest and furtherance policy in restaurant industry were imageed in conjunction with the fieldwork analysis of the restaurants in capital of the United Kingdom. Problems were and so talk ofed in gibe to the theories. The discussion gave rise to come uply hypothetical situations which were again tribulationed in raise search.The methodology utilize in the s female genital organ was selected after prudent consideration of the investigate interrogation and the limitations. Using the usurp inquiry tools, an in-depth theater was done and it was known that exclusively three problems were not isolated in themselves rather they were headspring connected. The c erstwhilept of Ser fault Quality was seen missing extensively in the philosophies of the Restau measureurs.In a nutshell, it can be mentioned that nearly from each one problems seem to stem from deficiencies in supporter tone. However at this point, it should be noted that no single p roblem can be the of import culprit nor a special solution, a panacea for all ills. It is with this in mind that this study should be viewed.CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONFor the purposes of this search, the term Indian food covers food from the Indian, Bengali and Pakistani traditions. The market take ons sales through restaurants, pubs and takea flairs. ready meals (both frozen and chilled) sauces yesterye ars, accompaniments and get dressed powder. The introductory part of this look for contains set ScenarioThe largest ethnic minority group in Britain are Indians (approx 10,000,000 race) (Crown,2004) with over 40% of them (approx 800,000) living in the Capital i.e. capital of the United Kingdom which contri thoe to 6% of the do population of London (LFC,2004). These facts justify the existence of over 1000 Indian restaurants in UK and 4000 only in London and the South east (Grove International,2004). The excerption of these Curry Houses is a blessing for the true Indian food co nnoisseur. only if recently the Indian Food Industry in UK ready undergone some study structural changes. With the popping up of Giant restaurants in the Capital akin the Cinnamon Club (Westminster), Tamarind (Queen Street) and Zaika (Kensington High Street) in the past couple of years, this has invited the interest of lot of the professional bodies like Time egress Guide, Evening Standards, Daily Telegraph, Financial Times and so forth The various reviews (Iqbal Wahab,2004) disposed by them to the acclaimed Indian restaurants in London speak of their varied interests.Indian food is a 3.2 billion industry in Britain, accounting for two-thirds of all eating out (Geraldine Bedell, May2004). This modern evolved Indian Cuisine in London has sparkled since the time when Tamarind and Zaika, Indian restaurants in London, were awarded the Michelin star. The famous dish complainer Tikka Masala is now an au sotic English national dish (Robin Cook,2004) All these facts well-nigh this I ndustry makes it big and at the same time it evolves more an separate(prenominal) prospects and problems in itself. Importance of Indian RestaurantsIn the expire half-century, curry has become more traditionalisticly English than English breakfast. Some fitting facts in this surroundings areAccording to Mintel reports, Indian restaurants is 1733 million industry in Britain which is more than two third of the aggregate food industry in Britain.(App poleix 1)In an exclusive consumer survey commissioned by Mintel, 42% of the respondents stated that Indian/Bengali/Pakistani food was among the types of food that they nigh enjoyed, up from 38% in 1999. Indian food is most popular with 25-54-year-olds and, in rail line to Chinese food, shows a strong up market bias (Mintel, 05/2004)It is one of the biggest industries in Britain employing over 60,000 people (menu2menu, 2005)There are over 8500 Indian restaurants in UK and 3500 only in London (Grove International, 2004). Indian res taurants are the study players in Brits ethnic cuisines overshadowing Chinese outlets which are around 7400. (Mintel,2005)Indian restaurants serves 2.5 millions Brits all week besides David Beckham celebrated after scoring the goal that able England for the World Cup, at Manchesters Shimla Pinks, with his favorite chicken korma. Madonna, more and more the Anglophile, has obviously interpreted to ordering the taxi curry takeout from the Noor Jahan restaurant near her London home in Westbourne Grove (Guardian,2004, Issue 2). Every lofty street has its Star of India or Taj Mahal. Surprisingly twice as much Indian food is sold in Britain as fish and chips (Economist, 1999) and McDonalds bewilder had to adapt their British menus to include curry and spice.These ubiquitous curry houses are coming up in the world. They are no monthlong consigned to the ranks of post-pub grub besides there is a gradual growth rate in the Indian restaurant market since 1999. (Appendix 1) Also the fact that Indian restaurants commit a strong influence on the retail sphere of influence is undeniable. They puddle provided most of the recipes and are the sole benchmark for au then(prenominal)ticity for products like Indian ready meals, sauces, pastes and accompaniments.UK Food IndustryThe food industry in the UK has undergone dramatic change over the last few decades, a phenomenon which has been named the manipulation revolution Ritson, C. and R. Hutchins (1991). Fragmentation of demand has been coupled with concentration in supply, so that the majority of food expenditure is now channeled through five major supermarket groups Waterson, M. J. (1995). This has posed threats to the small agrifood producer, who is typically unable to meet the volume and agreement of supply assumements of the large retailers. However, opportunities live with as well as arisen many small producers have successfully targeted nook markets, often through direct marketing or distribution through in pendant outlets. Their offerings ordinarily carry the typical characteristics of niche products, in that they possess added mensurate, are differentiated from competitive offerings and charge a premium price. With such(prenominal) characteristics it is possible for small producers to succeed within a highly competitive environment Phillips, M. (1994).However, recent opportunities have also arisen in the food five-fold sectors, as supermarket groups show an increase interest in stocking specialty and revalue-added food products. This interest stems in part from a bank to improve product range and enhance consumer choice. However, it could also be viewed as a response to public criticisms of the negative sociable and environmental personal effects of concentration in food distribution in particular, the development of centralized distribution systems which mitigate against the use of smaller, local suppliers by food multiple arrange. Some supermarket groups in the UK are now a ttempting to improve links with such suppliers, by, for example, devolving decision-making power to store directors, improving purchasing technology and creating opportunities for buyers and producers to meet and discuss one anothers need Carter, . Shaw (1993).There was a Greek community in Greek Street, London as long ago as 1677 so Greek cuisine is not exactly new to Britain. The influx of Cypriots started in the 1920s and 1930s and they began opening restaurants after the Second World War.Greek Cypriots tended to settle in Hackney, Palmers Green, Islington and Haringey and Turkish Cypriots in Stoke Newington. Greek Cypriots appeared in Soho in 1930s then Camden Town after the war and then Fulham by the mid sixties. The main influx of Turkish Cypriots was in the 1960s and by 1971 the Greek Cypriot community had turned its attention to timberland Green, Palmers Green and Turnpike Lane.Only around one third of the 550 or so Greek restaurants in Britain are in London, most of th ese macrocosm in North and West London. Some 40% of the 150 or so Turkish restaurants are in the capital with a expectant concentration in North London. Turkish cuisine is also well represented in Scotland. One of the earliest Greek restaurants was not in London at all but Georges in St Michael Street, Southampton in 1940, moderately pre-dated by The White Tower in Londons West End in 1939. Kalamaras in London W2 opened in 1966 and remains popular today. The most successful of the Turkish restaurants at present is the Efes Group which started in London but is now in several locations throughout the country.Aims and objectives of the researchThe mechanisms of globalisation has made the world a smaller place and, while this has helped to discover various cuisines to new fields, it has subsequently resulted in the development of fusion foods, which has implications for the Indian restaurant market. The image of men behaving badly, gulping downing super-hot curries with several pi nts of lager, are long gone. Today, a trip out for a curry is a posh affair, with some of the countrys top chefs cooking up sophisticated dishes of complexity and variety. (LFC,2004)With these growing fashion of globalization, there is a huge threat to Indian restaurants which are traditionally managed by the family members. According to the Economist-But once trends become clichs they have a expression of nose-diving. Open the pages of the dandy Curry Guide, and you result discover that all is not well. According to the guide, last year there were at least 300 closures of Indian restaurants in Britain, compared with just over a hundred openings. Indian restaurants, while muted the biggest players in the industry, are losing market share eastern cuisine, such as Thai and Japanese food. (Economist, 2005)The main aim of the research is To assess the major issues that determines the performance and competency of the Indian foods/restaurants in UK.The Objectives are to To Assess t he dish up quality and the fork out train Management. To Assess the consumer Perception towards Indian Foods and the applicable Marketing pleat to exploit the opportunitiesRationaleIndian Cuisine which the westerners commonly call Curry is highly popularized by the Indian restaurants in UK. These restaurants which are primarily owned by Indians reflect the specialty of every region of India. The spread of curry beyond its home in the sub-continent is inextricably cerebrate to the presence of the British Raj in India. Army personnel and civil servants acquired a taste for spicy food whilst in India and brought their newly found dishes home. Since then spicy Indian dishes are highly liked by the people in UK.London is a hub of Indian foods and restaurants. With the growing area of distinctiveness and people trying new and creative things in their restaurants in London the problems have started increasing. Problems of not only external environment like increasing competition , strict food and health policies or inflation, etc but also the internal problems which relate to the marketing strategies, sourcing of raw materials or inefficient management, etc.This study leave behind explore SCM issues with reference to market fragility and market access purchasing power purchasing decisions and relationships rendering of client needs barriers and frustrations and strengths and successes. This report is premised on the belief that supply chains are grand for maximizing efficiency. But supply chains are farthermost more important than that the management of supply chains increasingly influences the nature, outdo and confederacy in enterprise development and sustainability. In other words, supply chains are re-structuring the lines of business development in knowledge-based economies. This study allow further high light the consumer perception and the Marketing mix.CHAPTER 2 Literature revue2.0 Chapter OverviewAs Indian Restaurants are a part of the hospit ality industry, this chapter contains the books taken from the subject of marketing in hospitality industry. Two main theories are used to analyze the three main problems stated in the previous chapters. They are* service Quality and Supply concatenation* Promotion Policy Advertising and Sales promotionThe two theories are then analyzed in light of the problems. A relationship is developed among the industry and theories by researching the trends. These theories are then used for drawing conclusions and recommendations in further chapters. For the reader, this chapter will be the base of agreement the ongoing trends in the Indian Restaurant industry.2.1 Introduction to Hospitality Marketing in Restaurants today marketing isnt simply another function of business rather its a philosophy, a way of thinking and a way of organizing your business and your mind. The customer is the king (Iverson, 1989). According to Kotler (2000, Ch. 1), satisfying the customer is a priority in most businesses. But all customers cannot be satisfied. There has to be a proper selection of customers which enable the restaurants to meet its objectives.In the Restaurant industry, many people confuse marketing with advertising and sales promotion. It is not crotchety to hear restaurant managers say that they do not believe in marketing, when they actually mean that they are disappointed with the impact of their advertising. In reality, sell and advertising are only two marketing functions, and often not the most important. As Kotler said in his book, Marketing for Hospitality and tourism (1996, Chapter-1), advertising and sales are components of the promotional element of the marketing mix. separate marketing mix elements include product, price and distribution. Marketing also includes research, randomness systems and planning.The aim of the marketing is to make selling superfluous. The aim is to know and understand customers so well that the product or go fits them and sells it self.(Drucker,1973,p. 64-65) The only way selling and promoting will be effective is if we first define customer targets and needs and then prepare an easily accessible and available value package.The purpose of a business is to create and maintain profitable customers. customers are attracted and retained when their need are met. Not only do they turn in to the same restaurants but they also talk favorably to others near their satisfaction. Customer satisfaction leading to profit is the central goal of Hospitality Marketing.(Kotler Bowen Makens, 1996, Chapter- 1) less repeat customers and bad words of mouth are deeds of the manager who interprets profits above customer satisfaction. A successful manager will consider profits only as the result of running a business well, rather then its sole purpose. So in this improvement based industry (Indian restaurants) the entrance of corporate giants with mesmerizing marketing skills have increased the splendor of marketing within the industry. Now lest see how far these Hospitality marketing stunts can save the appalling scene in the industry.2.2 Service QualityDaryl Wyckoff has defined operate quality as, Quality is the academic degree of excellence intended, and the control of variability in achieving that excellence, in meeting customers requirements. ( Wyckoff, 1984, p 81) This theorem of quality is however not accurate as experts says Quality is whatsoever the customer says it is and the quality of a particular product or service is whatever the customer perceives it to be (Powers,2000, p 179). So the main accent is on the customer and perceived quality.A more professional way of looking at quality is by conceptualizing it broadly along the two critical proportions i.e. technical quality and interpersonal quality. Technical Quality is generally the minimum expected from a hospitality operation.(Did things go right, Was the food hot) (Powers, 1997). This dimension of quality is relatively objective in nature and is thus measurable.Interpersonal Quality is a comparatively difficult dimension (Was the waiter favourable? Did the service staff go out of their way to be assistive? Did the customer feel welcome or out of place?) As Gronroos (1980) points out Even when an excellent solution is achieved, the firm may be unsuccessful, if the excellence in technical quality is counteracted by badly managed buyer-seller interactions. And vice versa the charm in this world will not make up for bad food or a lost reservation. So each dimension is critical.2.3 Concept of building customer satisfaction through qualityThe fundamental strategic decision to be taken by the Indian Food manufactures at the outset is to consider the service system any standardized or routine/customized. In the former, more importance is addicted to technical quality, operation goes by the book and little importance is compensable to employees discretion. While the later gives importance to both qualities and mor e discretion is prone to the employee.Customized system of service is recommended to the restaurants as consumers go to the restaurant that they believe offers the highest customer delivered value or customer satisfaction i.e. the difference surrounded by total customer value and total customer cost* The customer derives value from the core products, the service delivery system and restaurants image.* The costs to the customer include money, time, energy and physic costs.Quality is made up of two components that is to say technical and interpersonal. Managers must keep in mind that in the end the customer perceptions of the delivered quality are what is important. Customers assess delivered services against their expectations. If perceived service meets expectations, they view the service as good quality. If perceived service fall short of expectations, they view the service as poor. Expectations are formed by past experiences with the restaurants, word of mouth, the restaurants external communication and publicity.A widely used model of service quality is known as the five flutter model. This model defines service quality as meeting customer expectations. The prescript behind the formation of this model was to discover the expectation of the customer which is perhaps the most critical step in delivering service quality. This model is closely think to marketing since it is customer based. This model has five gaps, fault 1 Consumer expectations versus Management PerceptionGap 2 Management Perception versus Service Quality SpecificationsGap 3 Service Quality Specifications versus Service preservationGap 4 Service Delivery versus External CommunicationsGap 5 Expected Service versus Perceived ServiceThe detail study of this 5 gap model is out of the boundary of this research. But the question is whether this aspect can solve the issue, can it benefits the industry? The answer is discussed in Chapter 4.2.4 Supply ChainMost Important aspect for increasing s ervice Quality performance is Supply Chain Integration. Effective Supply Chain Management can-* Cut Down The Total Cost Significantly.* addition the productivity and Performance.* Improve time and labour economy.* Can differentiate Service quality.* Can provide optimum Speed and comfort in quality Service delivery.In other words it provides better economy of scale and competitive advantage.The Value ChainSource Johnshon and Scholes, 2004The Value Chain will be discussed in the essence of the Supply Chain Management Issues.These elements of a snitch are illustrated in 1.It has long been recognized that products have meanings for consumers beyond providing mere functional utility. Symbolic consumption was recognized by Veblen (1899) in his Theory of the Leisure Class and termed conspicuous consumption. Noth (1988) quotes Karl Marx and his metaphor of the language of commodities in which the linen conveys its thoughts (p. 175) while Barthes (1964) discussed a semiotic threshold with the semiotic quick above the utilitarian or functional aspects of objects.Given the symbolic practice of brands it is no surprise that semiotics, as the study of signs in society, is increasingly creation used in understanding consumer behavior. Initially used in facilitating understanding of the consumption behavior surrounding cultural products such as put down and other works of art (Holbrook and Grayson, 1986) and fashion (Barthes, 1983), its widespread usage to interpret symbolic consumption in all aspects of consumer behavior is anticipated (Mick, 1986).The possibility behind this research technique is that brand equity is built on consumers perception of the emotional benefits or brand affinity, combined with physical orConcrete benefits The performance delivered by the product or service offered. The technique attempts to evaluate each of these two aspects in detail, providing a clear understating of its importance for the category under investigation as well as for th e brands in that category.During the development of this technique we identified and coded the emotional factor that repeatedly appeared in all markets in the study, allowing us to conclude thatThey are valid for close to any product or service category when the subject is brand equity evaluation. These aspects can be classified into three groups brand causationity, take aim of identification that the substance abuser or consumer has with its positioning, and level of social approval it offers to its user or consumer.Authority might be defined by the brands heritage or long-standing reputation and leadership, by the trust or confidence it inspires to consumers, and by aspects associated to innovation or technological development as perceived by consumers.Thus all the branding theories leads to the consumers Perception.3.2 Consumer Perceptions Of FoodsInvestigation and analysis of food get and consumption is well-documented within the discipline of consumer behavior. Studies in this area tend to taste the complexity of factors which drive food-related tastes and preferences, and some authors have proposed models which attempt to categories and integrate these factors and so offer insights into the formation of food preferences and choices. Shepherd. R, (1989) provides a review of such models, from Yudkin, J. (1956), which lists physical, social and physiological factors, to Booth and Shepherd (1988) which summarizes the procedurees influencing, and resulting from food acceptance, and lists factors relating to the food, the individual and the environment. However, none of these models incorporated a consideration of the role of place in food, and consumer perceptions of this attribute.It may be noted that, by their very nature, food products have a land-based geographical origin (Brard, L. and P. Marchenay 1995), which would suggest that people readily make strong associations between certain foods and geographical locations. On the other hand, the proc ess of delocalization of the food system in the twentieth century, as described by Montanari , (1994) has weakened the traditional territorial and symbolic links between foods and places. The inference is that the concept of Indianity in foods may no longer be important or lovely to the modern food consumer, who is faced with such a wide raiment of exotic and international products all year round. Thus it may be that in the mind of the consumer, specific names, production methods or presentational forms of particular foods are no longer associated with the geographic areas from which they originate. An opposing view is taken by Driver, (1983) however, who describes resurgence in the interest in traditional Indian dishes in the UK, which perhaps reflects the symbolic importance that particular foods have in our lives and culture. These debates highlight the need for empirical investigation of peoples perceptions and understandings of Indianity in food. Linked to this debate of the p erceived meaning of Indianity in foods is the concept of authenticity. If Indian foods are linked in some way to origins and tradition, it implies that producers of Indian foods are involved in providing and communicating intangible attributes of heritage, tradition and authenticity in their product offerings. These require careful management, particularly in view of authors such as MacCannell 1989, Hughes, (1995) and Urry, (1995), who, in relation primarily to tourist experiences, point out the difficulty in defining what is authentic, and in communicating this to an increasingly sophisticated and diverse consultation of consumers. In relation to Indian foods, information is needed on consumer perceptions of allot attributes of products, which are the most attractive and why.CHAPTER 4METHODOLOGY A-RESEARCH PHILOSOPHY onslaughtIn the previous chapters, author has outlined research aim and objectives with examining the pertinent literature review. However, the successful complet ion of any study is heavily dependent on the choice of an appropriate research method and come near. Moreover, the appropriate research methodology provides guidance for the development and evaluation process of study. Wit the appropriate methodology the author can justify the achievement of the objective. question processThe research process adopted is based on exploratory betterment, but prior to that it is necessary to highlight upon the methodological pen work.The recognized exponents in this field are Hussey Hussey (1997), Zikmund (2000), Saunders et al (1997, 2000) and others who presented different methodological framework from which investigators can conduct their research. Most of these frameworks follow certain similar central theme. The author has adapted the below-illustrated methodological framework to fulfill the research aim and objectives. This is chosen, as it supports the author research design and process, Furthermore, methodology has been designed where inf o is stash away and interpreted. The findings and analysis with conclusions and recommendations at the end follow this.METHODOLOGYResearch aimThe main aim of the research is To assess the major issues that determines the performance and efficiency of the Indian foods/restaurants in UK.Research objectives To Assess the Service quality and the Supply Chain Management. To Assess the consumer Perception towards Indian Foods and the relevant Marketing Mix to exploit the opportunitiesResearch PhilosophyEasterby-Smith et al (1993) states three reasons why it is utile to state the research philosophy about proposed research before aggregation selective information* To clarify the research design-the method by which data is sedate and analyzed-taking a holistic view of overall configuration.* To help recognize which designs will work and which will not* To help identify and create research design to adopt research approach according to the required research aim and objectives.There are t wo main types of research philosophies in existing literature. They are Positivism and Phenomenological. They are different, if not mutually exclusive, views about the way in which knowledge is developed and judged as being acceptable. They have an important part to play in business and management research. (Saunders et al, 2005, p 83) The positivistic philosophy which seeks the facts or arouses of social phenomena(Hussey Hussey,1998) is more objective, uninflected and structured and the researcher is independent of the subject. (Remenyi et al., 199833). In addition, the quantitative data should be collected and statistical analyzed when test the certain theories.(Saunders et al, 2005, Hussey Hussey,1998)On the other hand phenomenological philosophy which understanding human behavior from the participants own frame of reference (Hussey Hussey, 1998) is more subjective and the researcher is dependent on their mind. qualitative method can be used such as a case study.It is import ant that which philosophy is better for my project. Saunders et al. (2005) state that no philosophy is better than others so choosing philosophy depends on the research question. Having considered the aims of this research project, I will choose phenomenological philosophy because this research question is How the Supply Chain helps the Indian Food Industry in UK in achieving efficiency and the meaning of Consumer perception to the marketing mix.The research will be qualitative. In order to answer the research question, I would do case study on Chinese and UK textile and clothing firms and collect data by using interviews.Research ApproachInductive or Deductive ResearchUndoubtedly the research approach is very important for the project. There are two research approaches, which is the deductive approach and the inductive approach.As mentioned in Saunders et al (2000), the major differences between the deductive and inductive approaches to research are as followsDeduction emphasisIndu ction emphasis Scientific principles romp an understanding of the meaning humans attach to eventsThe need to explain cause and effect relationship between variablesA close understanding of the research stage settingThe collection of quantitative dataThe collection of qualitative dataThe application of controls to ensure clarity of definition and highly structuredA more flexible structure to permit changes of research emphasis as the research progressResearchers independence of what is being researchedA realization that the researchers is a part of research progressThe necessity to select sample of satisfactory size in order to generalize conclusion Less bear on with the need to generalizeDeductive approach aims to develop a possibleness and or hypothesis and design a research strategy to test it. Deductive approach is a rigid methodology, which not permits alternative explanation. It emphasizes on scientific principles and moving from theory to data. It is a highly structured ap proach and need more operationalisation of concepts to ensure definition. Oppositely inductive approach is which the researcher would collect data and develop a theory as a result of data analysis. It is an alternative approach and theory building followed data collection. In addition, it is the better way to study the small sample because of concerning with the context in which the events are taking place. (Saunders et al, 2005, p 85) Easterby-Smith et al. (2004) state that if the researcher have interested in understanding why something happening the inductive approach is more appropriate. Having considered the aims of this research project, it seems that inductive approach is more suitable. Firstly, according to Saunders et al (2005), inductive approach is closely related to phenomenology. Secondly, although there are many author contributed to theories about international branding but not specifi

Health and safety

come upness and galosh1.0 penetration intumesceness and pencil eraser is a prime(a) concern in ein truth last(predicate) field. rear Bartlett says that Appreciating the general concept of the need for good wellness and prophylactic is very un interchangeable from beneathstanding how the unique(predicate)s apply to the dynamic of a peculiar(prenominal) turnspace, Workplace laws galosh and wellness Practiti matchlessr. wellness and refuge is the prime importance to each(prenominal) station Freight runs, who pull up s harbours seek to c over its business in such a way as to forfend harm to its employees and each(prenominal)(a)(prenominal) opposites who whitethorn be affected directly or indirectly by its activities. Every Air Freight Service leave a separate department for wellness and preventive and in close to big Air Freight operate search on wellness and Safety is d unitary once in year to manipulate that any the employees ar happy from the exhibit of Health and Safety or non even customs inspect the every Air Freight Service once or twice in a year. This project is all about the Health and Safety counselling brass. briny aim of this interrogation is to dish the employees to work off the hook(predicate)ly and avoid accidents by finding chief(prenominal) takingss of Health and Safety occurred in Air Freight work and solutions to move back those issues. Responsibilities of anxiety and employees toward Health and Safety in Air shipment work should similarly be investigated in this search.Main aim of this look is to gather in better the wellness and asylum in atmospheric state lode work by improving the centering dodging of wellness and refuge and as searcher operative as a W ar Ho handling performer in S tinwell Freight function (SFS), so I choose this arranging for my enquiry. This system is ready to back up me in my enquiry. As we know no whiz becomes blameless save at least we shag try to become perfect. There is address of issues in every air lading go and everyone wants to resolution these issues. To re bring in the big issue it pass on require lot of investment. But at least we squeeze out resolve the small issues because small issues nigh sentence flop birth to big issues. In this enquiry I am act to find all the small and big issues and station forward to companionship directors just as recommendations. In S chiffonierwell Freight serve in that respect argon lots of small issues which argon ignored and preciselyt joint solve very easily by just understanding and cooperating with all(prenominal) other. Some issues argon big which require wealth of company but as the charabanc of company Mr N besh Nandani guides me permission for this query to find out all the issues regarding Health and Safety in company. It volition help the company to become perfect in Health and Safety. For Health and Safety everyone wants to be perfect because the sentry g o of employee is the prime concern of every company. This look for provide help an Air Freight go to improve the Health and Safety Department and responsibilities of management and employees towards Health and Safety. Every person on this ground work all to live the life happily and calmly, if person dies in accident mend working therefore its a big shame on a company who espouse the work from the employees but not considered their gum elastic slice working. So this research will help Air Freight Services and employees of Air Freight Services to take c atomic number 18 of health and pencil eraser precautions turn working.This research overly helps me to get the experience and alike bring on my good image in front of jitneys and directors of the company. The issues which are considered in this research are small and big issues. Small issues can be upstage by just understanding and cooperation but big issue requires snip and wealth of company. It all depends on the management of Scanwell, how they react for these issues. makeors demand the province for the health and resort in every system of rules.1.1 Background of look The heed system is based on nationally and internationally agreed principles, specify and pauseed to provide the necessary strength, flexibility and appropriate foundation for the victimisation of a sustain adequate to(p) health and sentry go culture throughout the all air committal services.The practical recommendations of the procedures and arrangements with in this research can be used by all those who find a responsibility for managing Health and Safety activities in Air Freight Services. The outcome of this research can be used by Air Freight services as a practical tool to achieving continual improvement of health and recourse performance.While working as a storage warehouse operator in S.F.S police detective found lots of small and big issues of health and asylum which can be easily discharged by just co-operating and understating among employees and management. Researcher wants to avoid the accidents to him and other workers thats why this research is conducted with the help of employees, management and managers permission. 1.2 Importance and Motivation of the StudyEvery person on this earth work only to live the life happily and calmly, if person dies by accident while working then its a big caper of a company who take the work from the employees but not considered their refuge while working. Topic of research or motivation of research endlessly comes from authors desires. As researcher already mentioned that he is working as a ware house operator in Scanwell Freight Services, so while working researcher found lots of issues regarding Health and Safety then researcher discuss some issues with my managers and operational managers as well of organisation and ask them that researcher want to do research on health and rubber teaching for this organisation and they motivate r esearcher by facial expression a very good words We appreciate your idea and we are with you and by finding the issues and solutions for the issues researcher can help my workmates too. Importance of this research is that this research is not only for S.F.S every organisation can take advantage from this research because Health and Safety is a major issue in every organisation.1.3 Objectives To station and investigate the issues which create/ increase the run a gamble of Health and Safety while working in Air freight Services. To find out the solutions for issues of Health and Safety comes while working in Air Freight Service.To critically analyse the factors of health and base hit which drop the put on the line of accidents while working?1.4 Research Question/Hypothesis more employees and managements responsibility towards Health and Safety in Air freight services reduce the risk factor in health and natural rubber in the organisation. Good employee training and induction p rogrammes to reduce the risk factor of Health and arctic in the organisation. Contingent objectning and its managements help to reduce the risk factor of Health and Safety in the organisation1.5 Research QuestionsWhat are the issues of risks of health and gumshoe which come while working in air freight services? What are the factors which reduce the risk of health and safety while working in air freight services?What are recommended strategy of the determine issues which reduce the risk factors while working in air freight services?1.6 Scope of the projectEvery freight services want to improve the health and safety within the organisation. As I am doing this research on Scanwell Freight Services, it will help our organisation to become perfect in Health and Safety. Scope of this research is very wide. This research will help an Air Freight Services to improve the Health and Safety Department and responsibilities of management and employees towards Health and Safety. This researc h also can be used by other organisations to observe the Health and Safety in organisations. When customs investigate the organisation we can show them the new research and removed issues regarding Health and Safety. This thing also improves the organisation image in market and everyone wants to work with this organisation because of telephone in market and name in customs regarding Health and Safety. This research also shows the ways of improving management responsibilities regarding Health and Safety and transmit of discourse with employees.1.7 The outcomes of this project are tin the experience about safety while working in Air Freight Services.Get the cognition how to improve the safety while working under pres positive(predicate) and dead line of descent. Provide the study of responsibilities of employees and management towards Health and Safety. There are keep an eye oning techniques researcher identify from academic literature and will be able to develop research meth odology for this project.1.8 Research fireQualitative research approach will be use for this research based upon attend to formulation interview with close ended and gift ended questions with employees and management. From literature and word of honor on various traditions and approaches to good research, there are 4 strategies considered (Denzin and Lincoln, 1994 Johannessen, 1992). theoretical Research decimal Research Qualitative ResearchParticipatory Research1.9 Research philosophy (Positivism and phenomenology)Easterby- Smith (1999) says that there are three principal(prenominal) reasons why this whole mental exercise regarding the research philosophy you should follow in your research is important It can help you to choose the methods that you will use. Knowledge of research philosophy will enable and assist you to prise different research methods and avoid inappropriate use and unnecessary work by identifying the limitation of particular approaches at an early stage of your study. It may help you to be creative and innovative by either choosing or adapting research methods that are, as yet, outside your experience. In this research positivism and phenomenology philosophy will use. Positivism promotes a more objective interpretation of reality, development hard data from subjects and experiments, while phenomenology is concerned with methods that examine people and their complaisant behaviour (Gill and conjurationson, 1997). 1.10 Research method (Qualitative and vicenary)In this research the Qualitative and Quantitative methods will use but the of import method used is qualitative. In Quantitative research data can collect from case studies, other researches, internet, pie charts, ghant charts and books etc. Means old data on the other run qualitative method studys data collected from face to face interviews, telephonic interviews, questioners etc. Means new data (Best and Khan, 1989 89-90). In this research qualitative approach will use because every freight services have different types of issues and all these issues occurred while working, so only employees and management can find the issues. For collection of data and to find issues of health and safety face to face interviews requires with employees and management which shows that the approach should be qualitative. Qualitative research requires time and money.1.11 Research strategyResearch strategy refers to the general approaches and goals of a research study. The selection of research strategy is usually determined by the build of question you plan to address and kind of say you hope to obtain- in general terms, what you hope to accomplish. Research strategy use in this research is descriptive research strategy. Descriptive strategy means intended to answer question about the current state of individual variables for a specialized group of individuals (Authors Frederick J. Gravetter, Lori-Ann B. Forzano, 2008) e.g. this research is made on health and saf ety of Scanwell freight services and on every single field which require health and safety. 1.12 Primary and secondary data (Qualitative and Qualitative)In this research Primary and petty(a) both research will be done but match to need. Firstly research starts with secondary and then primary will be done like by interviews employees and management.1.13 Sampling Random and systematic consume will use in this research. First employees are selected randomly from different fields and interview will be done and the identified issues put in the system jibe to the precedency.1.14 Data CollectionQualitative and Quantitative data both methods of data collection will use for this research like face to face interview with close ended and open ended questions with employees or other relevant respondents like managers, experts of health and safety. Direct face to face or telephonic interview will be done to collect the selective study from management and employees by using exposure phon e in this way researcher will be able to identify the respondent is the rightfield person and the same person which has been elect as it is the ethics of research and through this researcher will be able to develop the validity and reliability of the research.. 1.15 Data recording pass with flying colors moral thought will be done. All the data will record very safely to avoid leakage. To record data Microsoft social occasion tools will be used. Evidence of data also will be saved and Harvard reference method will be used.1.16 Target groupsFor this research Scanwell Freight Service UK is taken as an example and research will be done on Scanwell Freight Service UK .Health and Safety of employees while working inside Scanwell Freight Service UK will be analyze and analyzed. Main target is employees of Scanwell Freight Service UK.1.17 Resources used for the research psychoanalysisAs I am working as a do in House Operator in Scanwell Freight Services UK, so briny resource will be Sc anwell Freight ServicesShambu HouseAmberley Way, HounslowTW4 6BHMain aim of this research is to improve the health and safety in airfreight services by improving the Management system of health and safety and as researcher working as a Ware House Operator in Scanwell Freight Services (SFS), so I choose this organisation for my research. This organisation is ready to help me in my research. 1.18 Research LimitationFrom my point of view there is no limitation of this research but the issues which I am considering in this research are big issues which require a wealth of the company. But to remove all the small issues of this company it requires no wealth just require the understanding and cooperation of all the employees.If company wants to remove the big issues it also require long time because I am considering some construction issues too in this research. So for construction it requires a time. These issues cannot solve by understating it requires wealth and time.Chapter 2 lit Revi ew2.1 knowledgeableness Literature review is a secondary data. For this research all the secondary data comes from internet and mentor health and safety services which contain all the safety information and responsibilities of management regarding health and safety. In freight services its compulsory for everyone who works with the organisation should know all the information about Health and Safety. This literature review considers all the safety information which is necessary to knows by everyone. Literature review is an examination of scholarly information and research based information on a specific topic. In other words its a review of whats cognise, not suspected or assumed, about a specific subject. Its goal is to create a complete, completed representation of the knowledge and research based theory available on a topic.An integral part of a research process, then, is gaining an understanding what is and isnt known about the reality of a situation, event, or circumstances. One simple definition for the need to work toward that understanding is this if people dont know reality, then how can they develop a research study or a plan to address a problem or concern with any metier? An understanding of reality is essential to avoid creating a plan that addresses fable rather than reality. So, researchers, regardless of academic level or professional position, use appropriate quality literature to accomplish the goals. If it is applied review, it will to survey known information about a topic and help identify information that is not yet known so the best end for action or for further examination of a situation can be made. In other words, filling a gap in the literature isnt the main goal. The main goal is to understand the missing and alert knowledge. The question or questions used should guide that kind of applied knowledge acquisition. If its a simple review, the question will be more general, as will the survey of literature conducted. The question will be one that dedicates an overview of the information provided in numerous sources on the topic being considered. It will also be one that lays groundwork for future research of greater depth. In other word, it will provide insight into areas that will each be reviewable in greater depth in future research.2.2 Literature Review2.2.1 Management Responsibilities towards Health and Safety The main responsibility regarding safety and health is continuously at the highest level of system which is the handler of the organisation, but still the duty is carve up into all the levels according to the inevitably and control.These Responsibilities also includesThe legislative body should stop that the research on Health and Safety will be held at least 2 times in a year. This research will maintain the Health and Safety in the organisation and also employees get the chance to talk about their issues and recommendation. It also increases the faith of employees and customs that inspect the freight services regarding health and safety.The legislative body of all the workers should check that the system for the health and safety moldiness and also maintained regularly according to needs of the health and safety principles. Table for the system should be prepared and always on the get word out board which will help the workers to go for complaints and also helps new workers to maintains health and safety needs. Principles should be developed and communicated all over the organisation. If the system needs improvements or any changes take place it should be communicated all over the management. All the resources which requires for the daily needs for workers always available in organisation, so management have to take care of that. These resources can be safety jackets, safety gloves, safety shoes and safety signs etc. Duties of the workers should be clear explained and make sure that no changes take place in duties unless it will discussed with the top level emplo yees e.g. Fork develop drivers only drives fork lift no others have access to drive the fork lift without permissions from the outrage managers.Training and education will be given to new appoint round before starts work it will reduce the chances of accident.Employee Responsibilities towards Health and SafetyEmployees responsibilities towards health and safety should be must because the duties are given according to experience and qualifications. They have to do their job only because work in air freight services is very d vexationous, only thats why everybody have their own duties e.g. one person whose duty is only off loading the PMCS and BINS from the lorries only do the offloading because one wrong step can take the life out. Forklift connects to the Lories and rollers are picked up PMC which is appx 3 to 4 ton heavy(p) comes with a high speed towards fork lift. If inexperienced person sit on forklift, forklift shakes with the weight and PMC fall downs. It may give bir th to a huge accident which can easily take the life away of the person who picks the roller up and forklift driver too. All the duties should be under section 7 and 8 of the health and safety at work. In Scanwell freight services all the employees have different duties there are 5 drivers, 2 forklift drivers drives only inside building for handling pallets and raking the palletized vegetables, one off loader and 2 person for breaking the PMCS and BINS and floor manager makes the tickets and keep eye on every employee to make sure that all the health and safety precautions to be taken care or not. Others are office staff. One very good thing I like in this organisation is that the director physically comes every night to make sure that no body miss use their duties. He always says precaution and safety first. Employees should have to take care of the following stepsTake responsible care of their own health and safety and that of others who may be affected by their actions. Cooperat e with management to meet the employers ratified duties and work in accordance with company procedures. Not intentionally or recklessly interface with or misuse anything provided in the interest of health, safety or welfare and refrain from actions (or inactivity) which might endanger themselves, or others. adjoin their commitment to health and safety by their behaviour and cooperate in the investigation of accidents and chances.Use all equipments safely, including that provided for their personal protection and report to management any defects in equipments or other danger at once, or as soon as it is safe to do so. Comply with all safety instructions or procedure and not undertaken any tasks that they are not trained for.2.2.3 Health and Safety Organisation Chart commonly the system is same in all the air freight services but some time depends upon the size of the organisation. Scanwell Freight Services merge chart for Health and Safety System2.2.4 Assignment of Individuals F or effective arrangements of health and safety the duties of folks and tasks should be very visibly identifies. For policy reservation director should be delegated and day to day safety issues goes to a line manager or floor manager. Management can develop polices and give recommendation for issues comes in organisation but the last decision is of the directors of the company. If the issues are urgent and small then it can be easily solve on the basis of the mangers and assistance managers. Because managers have the right to spend specific amount of money on the organisation by own. Responsibilities should be divided into two categories General SpecificGeneral ResponsibilitiesAccording to rules and policies the general responsibilities goes to Director Employees Director responsibilities are as followsDirector has to give first priority to safety issues to improve the health and safety or to remove the issues comes regarding health and safety in an organisation Director has to en sure that objectives outline of system of safety and health will be clear and practical by the person who controls it.Director has to ensure that the principles and policies of health and safety should be analyse regularly and changed according to conditions.Director has to ensure that the policies and principles will reach to every person attached to company and also ensure that all the safety hazards will be known by all the employees.Director has to ensure that no resources and substance should be used without having proper hazards and controls. Employees responsibilities are as followsMain responsibility of employees is to always take care of their own safety while working and the others who working with them.Help the system of health and safety by doing their duties in proper manner and according to the procedures of the company.Rash crusade of forklifts should be avoided to avoid accidents because by rash driving of forklift somebody who working in warehouse can be injured a nd even driver of forklift also be injured if accident occur.Behaviour should be cool, anger should be controlled. Use of alcoholic beverage and smoking should be avoided inside the warehouse, alcohol may become cause of anger and smoking inside warehouse may become cause of fire.Employees should not take the job in hand for which they are not trained.Specific ResponsibilitiesSpecific responsibilities will be given to specific persons at specific levels like Director responsibilities is to be check and sign the principles and policies of health and safety. Operational mangers have to check whether all the resources required for work available or not. Floor managers have main duties regarding health and safety because employees are working on floor in front of floor managers. All individuals have to control their responsible areas. Health and Safety responsible employee have to check and control all the safety equipments and make sure that all the standards meant for Health and Safet y controlled and maintained by employees and all the employees working according to tasks assigns. Action should taken Make sure that all the workers know about their tasks and agree to their household tasks. Strengthen the memoranda contained in the principles and rule by different activities.2.2.5 Sign up care for Health and SafetyFor assistance in Health and Safety there are lots of organisations and qualified peoples, they got the certificates for Health and Safety. So every organisation hires certified peoples for Health and Safety or tie ups with organisations work for Health and Safety services. These organisations assist freight services to maintaining the health and safety in organisations. Scanwell Freight services also sign up NewWest Mentor Services for consulting to take guidance and advice regarding Health and Safety. NetWest Mentor services are designed to take care of all the laws of Health and Safety in organisation. It includes premises, tools, machines, safety eq uipments and most important is employees safety while working.2.2.6 Communication of Health and Safety Policies and principles within the organisation So frequently we hear of a segmentation in communication being the cause of Health and Safety incidents, some with devastating consequences. The sad fact is that often these situations could have been easily avoided by implementing simple procedure to improve communications between working parties.An incident at West Coast Traincare in 2004 illustrates only too well the devastating effect of poor communication and the price is paid. The situation arose when employee Mr slash was replacing the bracken pads underneath a set of carriages at hand over in Oxley, Wolverhampton. Two colleagues also working on the train conducting brake tests on the attached locomotive. During the course of testing, one of them released the trains breaking system cause the train to move forward. Mr Birch right hand was subsequently wiped out(p) by one of the carriage wheels, causing injuries that resulted in the amputation of all his fingers and two knuckles. HSE Investigation inspector, Steve Turmer, commented at the time,Very simple steps could have prevented this accident. The staff was not adequately protected and there is lack of communication between the various groups. West Coast Traincare pleaded guilty to breaching section 2(1) of Health and Safety at work etc. Act 1974 in that it did not ensure the safety of persons in its employment or operate under the safe system of work for staff undertaking maintenance activities. The company was fined 13,000 with make up of 3500. Effective Health and Safety is not a just piece of music exercise and companies must refrain from a tick box system of compliance. General communication and awareness exercise can help to ensure that the intentions laid out in Health and Safety policy and financial support procedure are implemented and adhered to. There is no legal urgency to communicat ion in set fashion and it is down to the employee to choose the right method according to the need. However there are a genuine pointers which will improve the impact of any chosen communication method. In other words of poet William Butler Yeats,Think like a quick of scent man but communicate in the language of the people. This is echoed by workplace laws Health and Safety Consultants Bill Scholes who suggests, Understanding your audience is the key to delivering the Health and Safety message and the key to identifying the right mode of communication.John Bartlett says that Appreciating the general concept of the need for good health and safety is very different from understanding how the specifics apply to the dynamic of a particular workspace, Workplace laws Safety and Health Practitioner. Therfore in order to communicate risk management effectively its got to be made relevant and pertinent to the labor.The laws also needs to be interpreted sensible, Chris Streatfeild of Green street BremanThe key principle in communication health and safety is proportionality. It shouldnt go over the top so that were condemning every activity as unsafe. You need to conduct a risk assessment but what u need to do as a result of that needs to be proportionate to the risk identifiedDiana Wright says thatwithin the communication message, employees need to remind that down to them as well. It is essential to promote individual ownership so employees avoid the its not my department altitude all the commonly found within the workplace.A very similar view point is taken by John Bartlett who reminds us, It is important to engender a feeling of responsibility when communicating Health and Safety as this empower peoples. Its not about wrapper employees in cotton wool but giving people the information and confidence to make sensible decisions about how they work.The main types of communication are formal (including health and safety meetings, trainings and newsletters) and informa l (walkabouts, one to one unofficial chats and open forums) the HSE recommends a mix of both. The size and structure of an organization, variegation of roles and geographical location of employees will all have an effect on determining the best communication.